RESUMO
ABSTRACT We report an unusual case of a 24-year-old girl with a history of recurrent hypokalemic paralysis episodes and skin lesions on the lower limbs and buttocks, both of which had an acute evolution. In subsequent investigations, the patient also had nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and persistent alkaline urinary pH. The findings were consistent with distal renal tubular acidosis as the cause of hypokalemic paralysis. Clinical findings, immunological tests and the result of skin biopsy suggested primary Sjögren's syndrome as an underlying cause. The patient developed azotemia due to obstructive nephrolithiasis. All the features presented in this case are an unusual manifestation of distal renal tubular acidosis; so far, we are not aware of a similar report in the literature.
RESUMO Relatamos um caso incomum de uma jovem de 24 anos com história de episódios recorrentes de paralisia hipocalêmica e lesões cutâneas em membros inferiores e nádegas, ambas de evolução aguda. Em investigações subsequentes, verificou-se que a paciente apresentava nefrocalcinose, nefrolitíase, acidose metabólica hiperclorêmica e pH urinário persistentemente alcalino. Os achados foram consistentes com acidose tubular renal distal como causa da paralisia hipocalêmica. Achados clínicos, exames imunológicos e o resultado da biópsia de pele foram compatíveis com a síndrome de Sjögren primária como causa subjacente. A paciente evoluiu com azotemia em decorrência da nefrolitíase obstrutiva. Todas as características apresentadas nesse caso são uma manifestação incomum de acidose tubular renal distal; até o momento, não temos conhecimento de um relato semelhante na literatura.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Acidose Tubular Renal , Síndrome de Sjogren , Hipopotassemia , Nefrocalcinose , BrasilRESUMO
We report an unusual case of a 24-year-old girl with a history of recurrent hypokalemic paralysis episodes and skin lesions on the lower limbs and buttocks, both of which had an acute evolution. In subsequent investigations, the patient also had nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and persistent alkaline urinary pH. The findings were consistent with distal renal tubular acidosis as the cause of hypokalemic paralysis. Clinical findings, immunological tests and the result of skin biopsy suggested primary Sjögren's syndrome as an underlying cause. The patient developed azotemia due to obstructive nephrolithiasis. All the features presented in this case are an unusual manifestation of distal renal tubular acidosis; so far, we are not aware of a similar report in the literature.
Assuntos
Acidose Tubular Renal , Hipopotassemia , Nefrocalcinose , Síndrome de Sjogren , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence of self-reported chronic kidney disease and associated factors in adults living in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus, Brazil. METHODS: this was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2015, with probabilistic sampling to select adults ≥18 years to be interviewed at home; factors associated with self-reported chronic kidney disease were investigated using hierarchical Poisson regression, to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), considering the complex sampling used. RESULTS: a total of 4,001 people were interviewed - 52.8% were women, 72.2% were of brown skin color and 19.7% had hypertension; prevalence of self-reported chronic kidney disease was 2.1% (95%CI 1.6;2.5), it was positively associated with age (35-44 years old, PR=2.31, 95%CI 1.02;5.21; 45-59 years old, PR=2.52, 95%CI 1.10;5.75; ≥60 years old, PR=2.95, 95%CI 1.21;7.16) and having had strokes (PR=2.20, 95%CI 1.09;4.45). CONCLUSION: two out of every 100 Manaus metropolitan region inhabitants self-reported chronic kidney disease and it was more frequent in older adults and those who had had strokes.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumo Introdução A doença renal crônica é um problema global de saúde pública, e no Brasil sua prevalência é incerta. Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de doença renal crônica em adultos do Brasil. Método Realizou-se revisão sistemática com buscas no MEDLINE, Embase e outras bases. Dois pesquisadores selecionaram os estudos, extraíram os dados e avaliaram a qualidade. Resultados Incluímos 16 estudos: inquéritos populacionais que utilizaram critério autorreferido encontraram prevalência nacional de 4,57% (1998) a 1,43% (2013); naqueles que usaram hipercreatininemia, a prevalência foi 3,46% em Bambuí (1997) e 3,13% em Salvador (2000). Estudos com amostras não representativas usaram critérios clínico-laboratoriais e tiveram maiores prevalências: entre 6,26-7,26% em campanhas de saúde (2002-2010), 8,94% em servidores públicos (2008-2010), 9,62% em usuários de laboratório privado (2003), 27,20% em pacientes hospitalizados (2013) e 1,35-13,63% na atenção primária (2010-2012). Pacientes em terapia dialítica representam 0,05% da população. Discussão Os estudos com representatividade populacional não aferiram a doença adequadamente, e investigações com melhores critérios diagnósticos tiveram amostragem por conveniência. A heterogeneidade entre pesquisas inviabilizou a elaboração de meta-análise. Conclusão A prevalência de doença renal crônica variou de acordo com o método empregado na definição da doença. Pelos critérios populacionais, 3-6 milhões teriam a doença. Aproximadamente 100.000 recebem diálise no Brasil.
Abstract Introduction Chronic kidney disease is a global public health issue but its prevalence in Brazil remains uncertain. Objective To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among Brazilian adults. Methods A systematic review through an electronic literature searches on MEDLINE, Embase, other databases plus microdata from national surveys. Two researchers selected, extracted data, and assessed the quality. Results We included 16 studies: national population-based using self-reported criteria found 4.57% (1998) to 1.43% (2013) prevalence; in those employing hypercreatininemia showed rate of 3.46% in Bambuí (1997) and 3.13% in Salvador (2000). Studies with non-representative samples employed clinical and laboratory criteria and showed higher prevalences: 6.26% in campaigns (2010), 8.94% in public employees (2010), 9.62% in private laboratory's patients (2003), 27.20% in hospital (2013), and 1.35-10.64% in primary care (2011). Patients on dialysis represent 0.05% of the Brazilian population. Discussion Representative studies did not adequately assess the disease and investigations with better diagnostic criteria had convenience sampling. Heterogeneity across studies hampered the calculation of meta-analysis. Conclusion It was not possible to estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease patients in Brazil due to the heterogeneity of studies included in this review. The prevalence varied according to the diagnostic criteria employed among studies. Considering population criteria, 3-6 million people would have the disease. Roughly 100.000 receive dialysis in Brazil.
